Python Programming

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Python __import__()

Example: How __import()__ works?

mathematics = __import__('math', globals(), locals(), [], 0)
print(mathematics.fabs(-2.5))

Python abs()

number = -20
absolute_number = abs(number)
print(absolute_number)
# Output: 20

Python abs()

Example 1: Get absolute value of a number

# random integer
integer = -20
print('Absolute value of -20 is:', abs(integer))
#random floating number
floating = -30.33
print('Absolute value of -30.33 is:', abs(floating))

Python abs()

Example 2: Get magnitude of a complex number

# random complex number
complex = (3 - 4j)
print('Magnitude of 3 - 4j is:', abs(complex))

Python Set add()

prime_numbers = {2, 3, 5, 7}
# add 11 to prime_numbers
prime_numbers.add(11)

print(prime_numbers)
# Output: {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}

Python Set add()

Example 1: Add an element to a set

# set of vowels
vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'u'}
# adding 'o'
vowels.add('o')

print('Vowels are:', vowels)
# adding 'a' again
vowels.add('a')

print('Vowels are:', vowels)

Python Set add()

Example 2: Add tuple to a set

# set of vowels
vowels = {'a', 'e', 'u'}
# a tuple ('i', 'o')
tup = ('i', 'o')
# adding tuple
vowels.add(tup)

print('Vowels are:', vowels)
# adding same tuple again
vowels.add(tup)

print('Vowels are:', vowels)

Python all()

boolean_list = ['True', 'True', 'True']
# check if all elements are true
result = all(boolean_list)
print(result)
# Output: True

Python all()

Example 1: How all() works for lists?

# all values true
l = [1, 3, 4, 5]
print(all(l))
# all values false
l = [0, False]
print(all(l))
# one false value
l = [1, 3, 4, 0]
print(all(l))
# one true value
l = [0, False, 5]
print(all(l))
# empty iterable
l = []
print(all(l))

Python all()

Example 2: How all() works for strings?

s = "This is good"
print(all(s))
# 0 is False
# '0' is True
s = '000'
print(all(s))
s = ''
print(all(s))

Python any()

boolean_list = ['True', 'False', 'True']
# check if any element is true
result = any(boolean_list)
print(result)
# Output: True

Python any()

Example 1: Using any() on Python Lists

# True since 1,3 and 4 (at least one) is true
l = [1, 3, 4, 0]
print(any(l))
# False since both are False
l = [0, False]
print(any(l))
# True since 5 is true
l = [0, False, 5]
print(any(l))
# False since iterable is empty
l = []
print(any(l))

Python any()

Example 2: Using any() on Python Strings

# At east one (in fact all) elements are True
s = "This is good"
print(any(s))
# 0 is False
# '0' is True since its a string character
s = '000'
print(any(s))
# False since empty iterable
s = ''
print(any(s))

Python List append()

currencies = ['Dollar', 'Euro', 'Pound']
# append 'Yen' to the list
currencies.append('Yen')
print(currencies)
# Output: ['Dollar', 'Euro', 'Pound', 'Yen']

Python List append()

Example 1: Adding Element to a List

# animals list
animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'rabbit']
# Add 'guinea pig' to the list
animals.append('guinea pig')
print('Updated animals list: ', animals)

Python List append()

Example 2: Adding List to a List

# animals list
animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'rabbit']
# list of wild animals
wild_animals = ['tiger', 'fox']
# appending wild_animals list to animals
animals.append(wild_animals)
print('Updated animals list: ', animals)

Python ascii()

text = 'Pythön is interesting'
# replace ö with its ascii value
print(ascii(text))
# Output: 'Pyth\xf6n is interesting'

Python ascii()

Example 1: Python ascii()

text1 = '√ represents square root'
# replace √ with ascii value 
print(ascii(text1))
text2 = 'Thör is coming'
# replace ö with ascii value 
print(ascii(text2))

Python ascii()

Example 2: ascii() with a List

list = ['Python', 'öñ', 5]
# ascii() with a list
print(ascii(list))

Python ascii()

Example 3: ascii() with a Set

set = {'Π', 'Φ', 'η'}
// ascii() with a set
print(ascii(set))

Python ascii()

Example 4 : ascii() with a Tuple

tuple = ('ö', '√', '¶','Ð','ß' )
// ascii() with a tuple
print(ascii(tuple))

Python bin()

number = 15

# convert 15 to its binary equivalent 
print('The binary equivalent of 15 is', bin(number))
# Output: The binary equivalent of 15 is 0b1111

Python bin()

Example 1: Python bin()

number = 5 

# convert 5 to its binary equivalent
print('The binary equivalent of 5 is:', bin(number))

Python bin()

Example 2: Python bin() with a Non-Integer Class

class Quantity:
    apple = 1
    orange = 2
    grapes = 2
    
    def func():
        return apple + orange + grapes
        
print('The binary equivalent of quantity is:', bin(Quantity()))

Python bin()

Example 3: bin() with __index__() for Non-Integer Class

class Quantity:
    apple = 1
    orange = 2
    grapes = 2
    
    def __index__(self):
        return self.apple + self.orange + self.grapes
        
print('The binary equivalent of quantity is:', bin(Quantity()))

Python bool()

Example-

test = 1
# returns boolean value of 1
print(test, 'is', bool(test))
# Output: 1 is True

Python bool()

Example 1: Python bool() with True Arguments

test = 254
# bool() with an integer number
print(test, 'is', bool(test))
test1 = 25.14
# bool() with a floating point number
print(test1, 'is', bool(test1))
test2 = 'Python is the best'
# bool() with a string
print(test2, 'is', bool(test2))
test3 = True
# bool() with True
print(test3, 'is', bool(test3))

Python bool()

Example 2: bool() with False Arguments

test = []
# bool() with an empty argument
print(test, 'is' ,bool(test))
test1 = 0
# bool() with zero
print(test1, 'is' ,bool(test1))
test2 = None
# bool() with none
print(test2, 'is' ,bool(test2))
test3 = False
# bool() with False
print(test3, 'is' ,bool(test3))

Python bytearray()

prime_numbers = [2, 3, 5, 7]
# convert list to bytearray
byte_array = bytearray(prime_numbers)
print(byte_array)
# Output: bytearray(b'\x02\x03\x05\x07')

Python bytearray()

Example 1: Array of bytes from a string

string = "Python is interesting."
# string with encoding 'utf-8'
arr = bytearray(string, 'utf-8')
print(arr)

Python bytearray()

Example 2: Array of bytes of given integer size

size = 5
arr = bytearray(size)
print(arr)

Python bytearray()

Example 3: Array of bytes from an iterable list

rList = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
arr = bytearray(rList)
print(arr)

Python bytes()

message = 'Python is fun'
# convert string to bytes
byte_message = bytes(message, 'utf-8')
print(byte_message)
# Output: b'Python is fun'

Python bytes()

Example 1: Convert string to bytes

string = "Python is interesting."
# string with encoding 'utf-8'
arr = bytes(string, 'utf-8')
print(arr)

Python bytes()

Example 2: Create a byte of given integer size

size = 5
arr = bytes(size)
print(arr)

Python bytes()

Example 3: Convert iterable list to bytes

rList = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
arr = bytes(rList)
print(arr)

Python callable()

Example 1: How callable() works?

x = 5
print(callable(x))
def testFunction():
  print("Test")
y = testFunction
print(callable(y))

Python callable()

Example 2: Callable Object

class Foo:
  def __call__(self):
    print('Print Something')
print(callable(Foo))

Python callable()

Example 3: Object Appears to be Callable but isn't callable.

class Foo:
  def printLine(self):
    print('Print Something')
print(callable(Foo))

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Python Programming

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